Image files often have embedded metadata in EXIF. Here is one way to read that metadata from an image file that belongs to a media entity of type image.

$media; // this is the media entity object.
$image_file = $media->get('field_media_image')->entity;
$image_file_uri = $image_file->getFileUri();
$image_file_absolute_path = \Drupal::service('file_system')->realpath($image_file_uri);
$exif_data = exif_read_data($image_file_absolute_path);

$exif_data will have the metadata in a list format.